Drawing/discarding cards from an empty deck out of the Draw step

There is an interesting discussion going on at the BGG (https://boardgamegeek.com/thread/2543564/sealing-when-all-influence-cards-are-discarded)

We know if your deck is empty and you need to seal cards, you reshuffle and take no other penalty (https://www.etherfields-secrets.com/forum/other-cards/sealing-cards-with-empty-influence-deck).

Thing is, there is no agreement on what to do when you use an action that allows you to draw a card outside the Draw step when your deck is empty. Do you

1. Reshuffle, draw the card(s) and take penalty as if it was the Draw step

2. Reshuffle, draw the card(s) and take no penalty as if you were sealing cards with an empty deck

3. Try to draw, realize you have no cards and do nothing. You'll reshuffle, get penalties and draw as normal during your next Draw step

As an extra hypothetical question, if you were instructed to draw and discard a card as a penalty, would you treat is a sealing with an empty deck (shuffle, suffer no extra penalty, draw and discard), or like a draw effect (1, 2 or 3, whichever is right).